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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltam | om kožganalt |
| 2SG: | kožganaltat | ot kožganalt |
| 3SG: | kožganalteš | ok/ogeš kožganalt |
| 1PL: | kožganaltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kožganalt |
| 2PL: | kožganaltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kožganalt |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑t | ogə̑t kožganalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltə̑m | šə̑m kožganalt |
| 2SG: | kožganaltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kožganalt |
| 3SG: | kožganalte | ə̑š kožganalt |
| 1PL: | kožganaltna | ə̑šna kožganalt |
| 2PL: | kožganaltda | ə̑šda kožganalt |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑č́ | ə̑št kožganalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltə̑nam | kožganaltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kožganaltə̑nat | kožganaltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kožganaltə̑n | kožganaltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kožganaltə̑nna | kožganaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kožganaltə̑nda | kožganaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑nə̑t | kožganaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltam ə̑l'e | om kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kožganaltat ə̑l'e | ot kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kožganalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kožganaltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kožganaltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kožganalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltam ulmaš | om kožganalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kožganaltat ulmaš | ot kožganalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kožganalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kožganalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kožganaltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kožganalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kožganaltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kožganalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kožganalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltə̑nam ə̑l'e | kožganaltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kožganaltə̑nat ə̑l'e | kožganaltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kožganaltə̑n ə̑l'e | kožganaltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kožganaltə̑nna ə̑l'e | kožganaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kožganaltə̑nda ə̑l'e | kožganaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kožganaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltə̑nam ulmaš | kožganaltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kožganaltə̑nat ulmaš | kožganaltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kožganaltə̑n ulmaš | kožganaltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kožganaltə̑nna ulmaš | kožganaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kožganaltə̑nda ulmaš | kožganaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kožganaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kožganalt | it kožganalt |
| 3SG: | kožganaltše | ə̑nže kožganalt |
| 1PL: | (kožganaltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kožganalt) |
| 2PL: | kožganaltsa | ida kožganalt |
| 3PL: | kožganaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kožganalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltnem | ə̑nem kožganalt |
| 2SG: | kožganaltnet | ə̑net kožganalt |
| 3SG: | kožganaltneže | ə̑než kožganalt |
| 1PL: | kožganaltnena | ə̑nena kožganalt |
| 2PL: | kožganaltneda | ə̑neda kožganalt |
| 3PL: | kožganaltnešt | ə̑nešt kožganalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožganaltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kožganaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kožganaltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kožganaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kožganaltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kožganalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kožganaltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kožganalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kožganaltnet ulmaš | ə̑net kožganalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kožganaltneže ulmaš | ə̑než kožganalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kožganaltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kožganalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kožganaltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kožganalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kožganaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kožganaltman |
| Active participle: | kožganaltše |
| Passive participle: | kožganaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kožganaltšaš |
| Negative participle: | kožganaltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kožganaltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kožganaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kožganaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kožganaltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kožganaltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kožganaltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kožganaltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||